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Journals Conferences Reports
Vrieze, P.T. de and Bommel, P. van and Klok, J. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Adaptation in Multimedia Systems. Multimedia Tools and Applications, Nr: 3, Vol: 25, Pages: 333-343, June, 2005
Multimedia systems can profit a lot from personalization. Such a personalization is essential to give users the feeling that the system is easily accessible especially if it is done automatically. The way this adaptive personalization works is very dependent on the adaptation model that is chosen. We introduce a generic two-dimensional classification framework for user modeling systems. This enables us to clarify existing as well as new applications in the area of user modeling. In order to illustrate our framework we evaluate push and pull based user modeling in user modeling systems.
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Grootjen, F.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Dualistic Ontologies. International Journal of Intelligent Information, Nr: 3, Vol: 1, Pages: 34-55, March, 2005
To effectively use and exchange information among AI systems, a formal specification of the representation of their shared domain of discourse - called an ontology - is indispensable. In this paper we introduce a special kind of knowledge representation based on a dual view on the universe of discourse and show how it can be used in human activities such as searching, in-depth exploration and browsing. After a formal definition of dualistic ontologies we exemplify this definition with three different (well known) kinds of ontologies, based on the vector model, on formal concept analysis and on fuzzy logic respectively. The vector model leads to concepts derived by latent semantic indexing using the singular value decomposition. Both the set model as the fuzzy set model lead to Formal Concept Analysis, in which the fuzzy set model is equipped with a parameter that controls the fine-graining of the resulting concepts. We discuss the relation between the resulting systems of concepts. Finally, we demonstrate the use of this theory by introducing the dual search engine. We show how this search engine can be employed to support the human activities addressed above.
Journals Conferences Reports
Hoppenbrouwers S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Formal Modelling as a Grounded Conversation. The Language Action Perspective on Communication Modelling, Kiruna, Sweden, June 19-20, 2005
In this paper we discuss a LAP-related view on the phenomenon of general (formal) modelling (including conceptual modelling, business modelling, but also software modelling). We view formal models as the result of a specialized sort of conversation within a system development conversation at large, in which participants need to bridge the gap between informal (NL-based) and formal (mathematics-based) representations and interpretations. We provide an initial communication-based analysis of the formal modelling process, and discuss why it is crucial that the (formal) structures in the various kinds of models are somehow grounded in the structures of agreement/commitment that underlie the development conversations. We explain how looking at modelling as communicative behaviour (action) may help achieve grounded models, thereby improving their validity in context.
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Bommel, P. van and Gils, B. van and Proper, H.A. and Vliet, M. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, The Information Market: Its Basic Concepts and Its Challenges. Web Information Systems Engineering - WISE 2005, New York, New York, USA, Edited by: A.H.H. Ngu, M. Kitsuregawa, E.J. Neuhold, J.-Y. Chung, and Q.Z. Sheng. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3806, Pages: 577-583, November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540300171
This paper discusses the concept of information market. The authors of this paper have been involved in several aspects of information retrieval research. In continuing this research tradition we now take a wider perspective on this field and re-position it as a market where demand for information meets supply for information. The paper starts by exploring the notion of a market in general and is followed by a specialization of these considerations in the information market, where we will also position some of the existing work.
Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, A Fundamental View on the Process of Conceptual Modeling. Conceptual Modeling - ER 2005 - 24 International Conference on Conceptual Modeling, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3716, Pages: 128-143, June, 2005, ISBN 3540293892
In an ongoing effort to better understand the process of creating conceptual models (in particular formal ones), we present a fundamental view of the process of modeling. We base this view on the idea that participants in such a process are involved in a deliberate and goal-driven effort to share and reconcile representations of their personal conceptions of (parts of) the world. This effort takes the shape of a modeling dialogue, involving the use of controlled language. We thus take a fundamental approach to subjective aspects of modeling, as opposed to traditional approaches which essentially consider models as objective entities. We position and present our initial theory of modeling, and briefly discuss how we intend to validate and further develop it.
Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Understanding the Requirements on Modelling Techniques. 17th International Conference on Advanced Information Systems Engineering, CAiSE 2005, Porto, Portugal, EU, Edited by: O. Pastor, and J. Falcao e Cunha. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3520, Pages: 262-276, June, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540260951
The focus of this paper is not on the requirements of an information system to be developed, but rather on the requirements that apply to the modelling techniques used during information system development. We claim that in past and present, many information systems modelling techniques have been developed without a proper understanding of the requirements that follow from the development processes in which these techniques are to be used. This paper provides a progress report on our research e.orts to obtain a fundamental understanding of the requirements mentioned. We discuss the underlying research issues, the research approach we use, the way of thinking (weltanschauung) that will be employed in finding the answers, and some first results.
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Bommel, P. van and Gils, B. van and Proper, H.A. and Schabell, E.D. and Vliet, M. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, Towards an Information Market Paradigm. Forum proceedings of the 17th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2005 (CAiSE 2005), Edited by: O. Belo, J. Eder, O. Pastor, and J. Falcao e Cunha. Pages: 27-32, June, FEUP, Porto, Portugal, EU, Porto, Portugal, EU, 2005, ISBN 9727520782
This paper discusses the concept of information market. The authors of this paper have been involved in several aspects of information retrieval research. In continuing this research tradition we now take a wider perspective on this field, and position it as a market where demand for information meets supply for information.
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Gerven, M.A.J. van and Lucas, P.J.F. and Weide, Th.P. van der, A Qualitative Characterisation of Causal Independence Models using Boolean Polynomials. Symbolic and Qualitative Approaches to Reasoning with Uncertainty (Proc of the 8th ECSQARU 2005), Vol: LNAI 3571, Pages: 244-256, 2005
Causal independence models offer a high level starting point for the design of Bayesian networks but are not maximally exploited as their behaviour is often unclear. One approach is to employ qualitative probabilistic network theory in order to derive a qualitative characterisation of causal independence models. In this paper we exploit polynomial forms of Boolean functions to systematically analyse causal independence models, giving rise to the notion of a polynomial causal independence model. The advantage of the approach is that it allows understanding qualitative probabilistic behaviour in terms of algebraic structure.
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Hommersom, A.J. and Lucas, P.J.F. and Bommel, P. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, A History-Based Algebra for Quality-Checking Medical Guidelines. Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, 10th Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, AIME 2005, LNCS, Vol: 3581, Springer-Verlag, 2005
In this paper, we propose a formal theory to describe the development of medical guideline text in detail, but at a sufficiently high level abstraction, in such way that essential elements of the guidelines are highlighted. We argue that because of the fragmentary nature of medical guidelines, an approach where details in guideline text are omitted is justified. The different aspects of a guideline are illustrated and discussed by a number of examples from the Dutch breast cancer guideline. Furthermore, we discuss how the theory can be used to detect flaws in the guideline text at an early stage in the guideline development process and consequently can be used to improve the quality of medical guidelines.
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Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Fact Calculus: Using ORM and Lisa-D to Reason About Domains. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM Workshops - OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, EU, Edited by: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3762, Pages: 720-729, October/November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540297391
We propose to use ORM and Lisa-D as means to formally reason about domains. Conceptual rule languages such as Lisa-D, RIDL and ConQuer allow for the specification of rules in a semi-natural language format that can more easily be understood by domain experts than languages such as predicate calculus, Z or OCL. If one would indeed be able to reason about properties of domains in terms of Lisa-D expressions, then this reasoning would be likely to be better accessible to people without a background in formal mathematics, such as "the average" domain expert. A potential application domain for such reasoning would be the field of business rules. If we can reason about business rules formulated in a semi-natural language format, the formal equivalence of (sets of) business rules (i.e. various paraphrasings) can be discussed with domain experts in a language and a fashion that is familiar to them.
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Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Towards explicit strategies for modeling. Proceedings of the Workshop on Evaluating Modeling Methods for Systems Analysis and Design (EMMSAD`05), held in conjunctiun with the 17th Conference on Advanced Information Systems 2005 (CAiSE 2005), Edited by: T.A. Halpin, K. Siau, and J. Krogstie. Pages: 485-492, FEUP, Porto, Portugal, EU, Porto, Portugal, EU, 2005, ISBN 9727520774
We present an initial framework resulting from our ongoing research concerning modelling strategies. Our approach is rooted in a subjectivist, communication-based view on modelling. Under this approach, models are viewed as the result of modelling dialogues, which are a specialized sub-type of the diverse conversations that constitute a system development conversation at large. By focussing on the process of modelling instead of properties of models or modelling languages, we expect, eventually, to be able to better understand and deal with some currently problematic aspects of modelling, in particular model validation in context. We sketch plans for an environment for studying modelling conversations and strategies.
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Proper, H.A. and Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, A Fact-Oriented Approach to Activity Modeling. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM Workshops - OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, EU, Edited by: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3762, Pages: 666-675, October/November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540297391
In this paper we investigate the idea of using an ORM model as a starting point to derive an activity model, essentially providing an activity view on the original ORM model. When producing an ORM model of an inherently active domain, the resulting ORM model can provide an appropriate base to start out from. We will illustrate this basic idea by means of a running example. Much work remains to be done, but the results so-far look promissing.
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Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Schema Equivalence as a Counting Problem. On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems 2005: OTM Workshops - OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters, AWeSOMe, CAMS, GADA, MIOS+INTEROP, ORM, PhDS, SeBGIS, SWWS, and WOSE 2005, Agia Napa, Cyprus, EU, Edited by: R. Meersman, Z. Tari, and P. Herrero. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Vol: 3762, Pages: 730-739, October/November, Springer-Verlag, 2005, ISBN 3540297391
In this paper we introduce some terminology for comparing the expressiveness of conceptual data modeling techniques, such as ER, NIAM, PSM and ORM, that are finitely bounded by their underlying domains. Next we consider schema equivalence and discuss the effects of the sizes of the underlying domains.This leads to the introduction of the concept of finite equivalence, which may serve as a means to a better understanding of the fundamentals of modeling concepts (utility). We give some examples of finite equivalence and inequivalence in the context of ORM.
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Journals Conferences Reports
Bosman, S. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Towards formalization of the information modeling dialog. Technical report: ICIS-R05012, Computing Science Institute, University of Nijmegen, 2005
This paper proposes a formalization of the modeling dialog between domain expert and system analyst, in which domain knowledge is specified and refined until a formal conceptual model of a domain results. This formalization is then used to describe the task of the system analyst in two settings. The ultimate goal of this work is to enable computer support for the system analyst in the modeling process.
Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der and Proper, H.A., Dealing with Uncertainty in Information Modelling. Technical report: ICIS-R05013, Institute for Information and Computing Sciences, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands, EU, 2005
We present ongoing research concerning a communication-based approach to information modelling. The general goal of our research is to understand and support (contextualized) modelling dialogues rather than the models that result from these dialogues or the modelling languages in which the models are expressed. We take the point of view that information modelling dialogues are subject to the same kinds of uncertainty that occur in any communication between human agents. This uncertainty is for a large part due to the contextualized nature of information models. By focusing on dialogues and guiding them through strategies for dealing with uncertainty, we hope to achieve better, properly contextualized, information models. We present an analysis of uncertainty in information modelling, and give an example of a viable approach to one particular type of uncertainty reduction in information modelling. We work towards a functional design for an interactive modelling environment for testing our theories.
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Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Fundamental Understanding of the Act of Modelling. Technical report: ICIS-R05006, January, Radboud University Nijmegen, 2005
In an ongoing effort to better understand the process of creating models (in particular formal ones), we present a fundamental view of the process of modelling. We base this view on the idea that participants in such a process are involved in a deliberate and goal-driven effort to share and reconcile representations of their personal conceptions of (parts of) the world. This effort takes the shape of a modelling dialogue, involving the useof controlled language. We thus take a fundamental approach to subjective aspects of modelling, as opposed to traditional approaches which essentially consider models asobjective entities. We describe our core theory, explain why it is proposed, and briefly discuss how we intend to validate and further develop our theory of modelling.
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