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Journals Chapters Conferences Reports
Gils, B. van and Proper, H.A. and Bommel, P. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, On the quality of resources on the Web: An information retrieval perspective. Information Sciences, Volume 177, Issue 21, 1 November 2007, Pages 4566-4597, ISSN 0020-0255, 10.1016/j.ins.2007.05.035
We use information from the Web for performing our daily tasks more and more often. Locating the right resources that help us in doing so is a daunting task, especially with the present rate of growth of the Web as well as the many different kinds of resources available. The tasks of search engines is to assist us in finding those resources that are apt for our given tasks. In this paper we propose to use the notion of quality as a metric for estimating the aptness of online resources for individual searchers.
The formal model for quality as presented in this paper is firmly grounded in literature. It is based on the observations that objects (dubbed artefacts in our work) can play different roles (i.e., perform different functions). An artefact can be of high quality in one role but of poor quality in another. Even more, the notion of quality is highly personal.
Our quality-computations for estimating the aptness of resources for searches uses the notion of linguistic variables from the field of fuzzy logic. After presenting our model for quality we also show how manipulation of online resources by means of transformations can influence the quality of these resources.
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Bommel, P. van and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Information coverage in advisory brokers. International Journal of Intelligent Systems, Volume 22, Issue 11 (November 2007), pages: 1155-1188
Traditionally, information retrieval aims to find information carriers, such as documents, that best match some query or some other (intentional) description of a searcher's information need. In this article, we take the approach that searchers turn to an information retrieval system with the aim of finding several alternatives that completely satisfy their (complex) information need. In other words, searchers expect the retrieval system to help them in covering their information need, rather than merely providing them with a myriad of hopefully relevant information carriers. Ideally, the system should respond by advising one or more packages of information carriers with the requested cumulative effect. This also enables searchers to better trade off between the costs of acquiring and reading/internalizing information carriers versus the expected informational benefits. This article focuses on a theory that aims to clarify the underlying problem area. The theory may consequently be used to enhance information retrieval systems in general and teaching and learning systems in particular, with abilities to better cover a searcher's information need. In the theory presented, we also cater to the fact that searchers may be in different mental moods. The consequence of searchers being in different moods is that information carriers are processed differently. Identifying this influence gives the opportunity to advise users according to their specific moods.
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Gils, B. van and Proper, H.A. and Bommel, P. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, Typing and transformational effects in complex information supply. In: International Journal of Cooperative Information Systems, Nr: 2, Vol: 16, Pages: 229-270, June, 2007
Information plays an increasingly important role in our lives. Often we retrieve this information by querying the web: data resources found on the web may provide the information that were looking for. This implies that the Web may be seen as an information market: authors supply information and searchers may find it. In this article we present a formal framework for the syntactic aspects of the information market. We explore the information landscape using a modeling approach. An important part of this model is a (syntactic) framework for transformations, which allows us to deal with the heterogeneity of the data resources found on the Web. Last but not least we attempt to give an outline how our framework, which in essence focuses on the data resources on the Web, may lead to a better understanding of how information is supplied via the Web. For this we use an example from the field of information retrieval.
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Bommel, P. van and Gils, B. van and Proper, H.A. and Vliet, M. van and Weide, Th.P. van der, Value and the information market. In: Data and Knowledge Engineering, Nr: 1, Vol: 61, Pages: 153-175, April, 2007
In this paper we explore how (micro)economic theory can be used to analyze and model the exchange of information on the Web. More specifically, we consider searchers for information who engage in transactions on the Web. Searchers will engage in web transactions only if they gain something in such a transaction. To this end we develop a formal model for markets, based on the notions of value and transaction. This model enables us to examine transactions on an information market. In this market we have a dual view on transactions, creating a dichotomy of transactors and transactands.
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Journals Chapters Conferences Reports
Grootjen, F.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Information Parallax. V. Sugumaran, editor, Application of Agents and Intelligent Information Technologies, chapter IX, IDEA group publishing, 2007
To effectively use and exchange information among AI systems, a formal specification of the representation of their shared domain of discourse - called an ontology - is indispensable. In this paper we introduce a special kind of knowledge representation based on a dual view on the universe of discourse and show how it can be used in human activities such as searching, in-depth exploration and browsing.
After a formal definition of dualistic ontologies we exemplify this definition with three dif- ferent (well known) kinds of ontologies, based on the vector model, on formal concept analysis and on fuzzy logic respectively. The vector model leads to concepts derived by latent semantic indexing using the singular value decomposition. Both the set model as the fuzzy set model lead to Formal Concept Analysis, in which the fuzzy set model is equipped with a parameter that controls the fine-grainedness of the resulting concepts. We discuss the relation between the resulting systems of concepts.
Finally, we demonstrate the use of this theory by introducing the dual search engine. We show how this search engine can be employed to support the human activities addressed above.
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Bommel, P. van and Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, On the Use of Object-Role Modeling For Modeling Active Domains. Advances in Database Research, 2007
This chapter is about how the Object Role Modeling (ORM) language and approach can be used for integration, at a deep and formal level, of various domain modeling representations and viewpoints, with a focus on the modeling of active domains. The authors argue that ORM is particularly suited for enabling such integration because of its generic conceptual nature, its useful, existing connection with natural language and controlled languages, and its formal rigor. They propose the Logbook Paradigm as an effective perspective in active domains modeling and for the derivation of domain grammars. They show how standard ORM can be extended to an Object Role Calculus (ORC), including temporal concepts and constraints that enable the modeling of active domains. A suggestion for graphical representation is also provided. The authors hope to contribute to integration of domain models and viewpoints in an academic and educational context rather than proposing ORM and ORC as new modeling tools in an industrial setting.
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Journals Chapters Conferences Reports
Breemen, A.J.J. van and Sarbo, J.J. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Toward a theory of natural conceptualization. 10th International Conference on Complexity in Organisational Systems (ICOS), pp 24-32, Kechend Liu (Ed), Sheffield, 2007
The focus of this paper is on the early phases of ER-modeling consisting of the primary conceptualization of the underlying application domain. To this end we introduce a process model for the generation of meaningful concepts for a domain description. In virtue of its close relation with cognitive activity, this process model also enables the modeler as well as the user to comprehend the concepts of the resulting domain in a natural way. Beyond this goal, natural conceptualization opens the possibility for the introduction of a uniform representation enabling the efficient combination of knowledge obtained from different stake holders during a modeling process.
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Flesch, I. and Lucas, P.J.F. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Conflict-based Diagnosis: Adding Uncertainty to Model-based Diagnosis. In: International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence 2007, Vol: I., Pages: 380-385, January, 2007
Consistency-based diagnosis concerns using a model of the structure and behaviour of a system in order to analyse whether or not the system is malfunctioning. A well-known limitation of consistency-based diagnosis is that it is unable to cope with uncertainty. Uncertainty reasoning is nowadays done using Bayesian networks. In this field, a conflict measure has been introduced to detect conflicts between a given probability distribu- tion and associated data.
In this paper, we use a probabilistic theory to represent logical diagnostic systems and show that in this theory we are able to determine consistent and inconsistent states as traditionally done in consistency-based diagnosis. Furthermore, we analyse how the conflict measure in this theory offers a way to favour particular diagnoses above oth- ers. This enables us to add uncertainty reasoning to consistency-based diagnosis in a seamless fashion.
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Flesch, I. and Lucas, P.J.F. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Probabilistic properties of model-based diagnostic reasoning in Bayesian networks. In: 19th Belgian-Dutch Conference on Artificial Intelligence(BNAIC-2007), Pages: 119-126, 2007
Much research has been carried out into general properties of Bayesian networks, whereas limited attention has been given to special types of Bayesian networks for specific applications. An example of such an application is model-based diagnosis, i.e. the diagnosis of malfunctioning of devices or systems, based on an explicit model of the structure and behaviour of these devices and systems. Basically, two types of model-based diagnosis are being distinguished: ({i}) consistency-based diagnosis, and ({ii}) abductive diagnosis.
In this paper, we investigate the relationship between consistency-based and abductive reasoning in Bayesian networks. It will appear that abductive diagnoses can be determined using special properties from consistency-based diagnosis, yielding related computationally simplified forms for both probabilistic consistency-based and abductive diagnosis using Bayesian networks. Furthermore, the conceptual relationships between probabilistic diagnostic reasoning and logical diagnostic reasoning are studied.
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Journals Chapters Conferences Reports
Bommel, P. van and Hoppenbrouwers, S.J.B.A. and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, QoMo - a modelling process quality framework based on SEQUAL. Workshop of conference on advanced information systems engineering, Trondheim, 2007
This paper aims to contribute to the area of conceptual model quality assessment and improvement. We present a preliminary modelling process-oriented 'Quality of Modelling' framework (QoMo), mainly based on the estab- lished SEQUAL framework for quality of models. QoMo is based on knowledge state transitions, cost of the activities bringing such transitions about, and a goal structure for activities-for-modelling. Such goals are directly linked to concepts of SEQUAL. We discuss how goals for modelling can be linked to a rule-based way of describing processes for modelling. Such process descriptions hinge on strategy descriptions, which may be used descriptively (for studying/analysing real instances of processes) as well as prescriptively (for the guiding of modelling processes). Descriptive utility of the framework is critical for the quality/evaluation angle on processes-for-modelling, and reflects the main intended contribution of this paper.
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Bommel, P. van and Proper, H.A. and Weide, Th.P. van der, Structured Modeling with uncertainty. Technical report: ICIS-R07022, September, Radboud University Nijmegen, 2007
This paper starts with the description of the modeling process as a dialog, and describes the associated formal functions, including the feedback supporting the growing mutual understanding. The dialog has a procedural and an informational aspect. For this latter a controlled grammar is used, that has a user friendly and a system friendly side. These sides are related via an elementary syntactical transformation. Assuming some elementary requirements on the dialog participants, we prove the main theorem for information modeling effectiveness. We also propose a system of metrics to support the modeling process. In terms of these metrics, modeling heuristics can be described and evaluated. We demonstrate our ideas by a simple sample session.
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